Violations of the right to sexual and reproductive health 15/16

54. Violations of the right to sexual and reproductive health can occur through the direct action of States or other entities that are insufficiently regulated by States. Violations through acts of commission include the adoption of legislation, regulations, policies or programmes that create barriers to the realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health in the State party or in third countries,...

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International obligations of the right to sexual and reproductive health 14/16

 50. International cooperation and assistance are key elements of article 2 (1) of the Covenant and are crucial for the realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health. In compliance with article 2 (1), States that are not able to comply with their obligations and that cannot realize the right to sexual and reproductive health due to a lack of resources must seek international cooperation...

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States parties have a core obligation to ensure the right to sexual and reproductive health. 13/16

49. States parties have a core obligation to ensure, at the very least, minimum essential levels of satisfaction of the right to sexual and reproductive health. In this regard, States parties should be guided by contemporary human rights instruments and jurisprudence, 38 as well as the most current international guidelines and protocols established by United Nations agencies, in particular WHO and the United...

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Obligation to fulfil 12/16

45. The obligation to fulfil requires States to adopt appropriate legislative, administrative, budgetary, judicial, promotional and other measures to ensure the full realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health. 36 States should aim to ensure universal access without discrimination for all individuals, including those from disadvantaged and marginalized groups, to a full range of quality sexual...

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Obligation to protect 11/16

42. The obligation to protect requires States to take measures to prevent third parties from directly or indirectly interfering with the enjoyment of the right to sexual and reproductive health. The duty to protect requires States to put in place and implement laws and policies prohibiting conduct by third parties that causes harm to physical and mental integrity or undermines the full enjoyment of the...

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Obligation to respect 10/16

40. The obligation to respect requires States to refrain from directly or indirectly interfering with the exercise by individuals of the right to sexual and reproductive health. States must not limit or deny anyone access to sexual and reproductive health, including through laws criminalizing sexual and reproductive health services and information, while confidentiality of health data should be maintained....

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Specific legal obligations to the right of everyone to sexual and reproductive health. 9/16

39. States parties have an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil the right of everyone to sexual and reproductive health.  Obligation to respect Obligation to protect Obligation to fulfil https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G16/089/32/PDF/G1608932.p...

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General legal obligations of States parties to the full realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health 8/16

33. As prescribed by article 2 (1) of the Covenant, States parties must take steps, to the maximum of their available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health. States parties must move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards the full realization of the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health....

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Intersectionality and multiple discrimination 7/16

30. Individuals belonging to particular groups may be disproportionately affected by intersectional discrimination in the context of sexual and reproductive health. As identified by the Committee, 26 groups such as, but not limited to, poor women, persons with disabilities, migrants, indigenous or other ethnic minorities, adolescents, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, and people...

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Equality between women and men, and gender perspective 6/16

25. Due to women’s reproductive capacities, the realization of the right of women to sexual and reproductive health is essential to the realization of the full range of their human rights. The right of women to sexual and reproductive health is indispensable to their autonomy and their right to make meaningful decisions about their lives and health. Gender equality requires that the health needs of women,...

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Special topics of broad application of the right to sexual and reproductive health 5/16

Non-discrimination and equality 22. Article 2 (2) of the Covenant provides that all individuals and groups shall not be discriminated against and shall enjoy equal rights. All individuals and groups should be able to enjoy equal access to the same range, quality and standard of sexual and reproductive health facilities, information, goods and services, and to exercise their rights to sexual and reproductive...

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Elements of the right to sexual and reproductive health 4/16

11. The right to sexual and reproductive health is an integral part of the right of everyone to the highest attainable physical and mental health. Following the elaboration in the Committee’s general comment No. 14, comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care contains the four interrelated and essential elements described below. 13 Availability 12. An adequate number of functioning health-care...

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Interdependence to the right to sexual and reproductive health. with other human rights 3/16

9. The realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health requires that States parties also meet their obligations under other provisions of the Covenant. For example, the right to sexual and reproductive health, combined with the right to education (articles 13 and 14) and the right to non-discrimination and equality between men and women (articles 2 (2) and 3), entails a right to education...

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Context, underlying and social determinants to the right to sexual and reproductive health 2/16

Context  5. The right to sexual and reproductive health entails a set of freedoms and entitlements. The freedoms include the right to make free and responsible decisions and choices, free of violence, coercion and discrimination, regarding matters concerning one’s body and sexual and reproductive health. The entitlements include unhindered access to a whole range of health facilities, goods, services...

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The right to sexual and reproductive health 1/16

General comment No. 22 (2016) on the right to sexual and reproductive health (article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) Introduction  1.The right to sexual and reproductive health is an integral part of the right to health enshrined in article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.1 It is also reflected in other international...

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Gender equality is a topic for men 6/6

  We have to create a stronger academic environment to address gender equality issues and provide good networking opportunities for people to meet and share ideas and experiences.  These are challenges that women and men must resolve together. Gender equality is not an issue that women can or should tackle alone. We need people with passion to pursue a more gender-equal world. We also need to...

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